00:00:03:16 - 00:00:10:03

Unknown

Well, good evening, everyone, and welcome to UCLA's West Alumni

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Unknown

Center, which for us is a somewhat different venue that compared to our usual venues. My name is Professor Anne, and it is my honor and privilege to be the director of the UCLA Promise Armenian Institute and to welcome you to this very special event, the third of our annual Kerr Family Lecture Series.

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Unknown

This endowed lectureship, which was created in 2023 by our UCLA Promise Armenian Institute and the Kerr family, has the aim of amplifying the stories of heroes and heroines who dedicated their lives to providing life saving humanitarian support for victims and survivors of violence and mass atrocities in times of crisis. This lectureship is named in honor of the Kerr family, three generations, perhaps one day, for whose progenitors include Professor Stanley and Elsa Rickman Kerr, who helped to rescue and provide extensive humanitarian care for survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 through 1923.

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Unknown

And in fact, at UCLA. We are honored to note that our longtime Fulbright Scholar Coordinator is our dear friend, Anne Kerr, the daughter in law of Stanley and Elsa Kerr, and the widow of the late Professor Malcolm Kerr, and for decades has been a supporter of Armenian and Middle Eastern causes. I don't believe Anne was able to be with us this evening, but she has been a great supporter of our promise.

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Unknown

Armenian Institute. Let me note before we begin that while we are not live streaming this event nor making available zoom webinar functions, we are recording the event and we'll be making the recording available on our Promise Armenian Institute event page and YouTube channel for future viewing. So now on to our lecture, the subject of this third Kerr Family lecture, as you see from the slide, also focuses on a hero whose life and work were instrumental in saving many Armenian lives during the genocide.

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Unknown

But this individual is not quite as well known as Stanley and Elsa Kerr. This evening we are recognizing Reverend Antiochian, a Protestant Armenian pastor who is a leader of the heroic Armenians of Mousavi, whose brave resistance during the Armenian Genocide became both legendary and inspiring and in fact was documented in Franz Verbals famous historical novel The 40 Days of Mousavi.

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Unknown

As you will hear, Reverend Andreasson dedication and leadership were instrumental in saving thousands of lives during the dark period of the genocide, and it behooves us all to learn about, appreciate and remember the sacrifices made by such heroes. This evening, we are also honored that one of the granddaughters of Reverend Andreasson, Doctor Annie Darken, is here with us this evening, and we also have several distinguished clergy who have joined us.

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Unknown

Reverend Hendrick Nazarene, the Minister to the Union for the Armenian Evangelical Union of North America, as well as Reverend Hovhaness of Reverend Christine is here from the Westwood Presbyterian Church and in fact the great grandson of Reverend Andreas. And Reverend Hydration is also with us. So welcome. Thank you for being with us. So the title of this third Kerr family lecture is Reverend John Andreasson, a leader of the resistance to the Armenian Genocide.

00:04:34:06 - 00:05:13:17

Unknown

And this will be delivered to us this evening by our friend and colleague, Professor of Ahram Shamash, and director of the Armenian Studies Program at the California State University at Northridge. And there will be introductory context remarks provided to us by Doctor Reuben Adaline, who is the director of the Armenian National Institute in Washington, D.C.. Let me tell you a little bit about both of our special presenters, our featured lecture, professor Bahram is, as I said, director of the Armenian Studies program at Sea Son.

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Unknown

He holds a PhD in history from this institution, UCLA, having been mentored by our beloved colleague, the late Professor Richard Hovannisian. And I'm happy to see that his daughter Ani is with us this evening. Vahram has conducted extensive research in dozens of governmental, institutional and organizational archives in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and Armenia on the Armenians of Moussa and Armenian Genocide survivors in the Middle East at the end of World War One.

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Unknown

He has published 35 scholarly articles in peer reviewed journals and as book chapters. He's delivered lectures and keynote speeches at community events and in universities, and participated in organized many international conferences. He has also published two books, The Armenians A Socio economic and Cultural History, 1919 through 1939, and The Armenians of Moussa From Obscurity to Genocide, Resistance and Fame, 1840 to 1915.

00:06:27:10 - 00:06:59:06

Unknown

This latter is being translated into Eastern Armenian and Russian, and a third book entitled Religion and Education in Armenian Moussa, 1919 through 1939, is in the process of publications doctor and has received awards from the U.S. House of Representatives, the Ministry of the diaspora of the Republic of Armenia and Armenian Genocide Museum Institute in Yerevan, among others. So, Bahram, we are honored that you will speak to us this evening.

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Unknown

But before Vahram presentation, we will have introductory remarks and historical context provided to us by our colleague Doctor Reuben Adaline, who, as I said, is the director of the Armenian National Institute, a Washington, D.C. based nonprofit organization that is dedicated to educating the public through the study, research and affirmation of the Armenian Genocide. Rubin received a PhD also in history, also from UCLA, also working with doctor Professor Richard Nixon, and his specialization is in the Caucasus and the Middle East.

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Unknown

Ruben has taught at a number of universities, including the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, and the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of several books, as well as a second and expanded edition of the Historical Dictionary of Armenia. He has contributed to several publications pertaining to foreign policy in Russia, as well as modern Middle East and Northern Africa, and in fact, Doctor Adaline completed a collection, an extensive collection of documents on the Armenian Genocide that are in the United States National Archives, and as a result, there has been a publication of 37,000 pages of American evidence,

00:08:39:23 - 00:09:04:01

Unknown

along with an accompanying 476 page guide to the Armenian Genocide in the US archives. Extraordinary documentation. So, Doctor Adaline, we are also delighted to welcome you here to UCLA from Washington. And now, without further ado, let me welcome you to the podium to make your introductory remarks.

00:09:04:01 - 00:09:14:10

Unknown

Thank you all. We have a full audience. Many years ago, so many years ago that it was another century.

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Unknown

Certainly a young professor.

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Unknown

Walked

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Unknown

his first year students across campus to show them something. After winding up the stairs, they entered an empty room and there was nothing else in the room other than a large desk. Even after he explained that they were looking at Franz Werfel desk, the students remained a bit puzzled by the inanimate attraction. One of them, however, thinking himself a literary critic since he had read some other novels, had the temerity to tell the professor that he was not all that impressed by were fills.

00:09:57:12 - 00:10:31:01

Unknown

The 40 days of. Taken aback, the professor only replied with a raised eyebrow. It turns out that this young critic was not the only person to have entertained a different opinion about Franz World's novel. The Armenian author by the pen name of Malchus also held a different viewpoint. As a major literary figure himself, Malchus was far more qualified to offer an opinion, but his observations were not about the novel.

00:10:31:03 - 00:11:04:04

Unknown

His criticism was addressed to his own people. He also happened to have authored a lengthy novel. Malchus wrote, our misfortune is all the more deep in that we are minions had to have a celebrated writer as Franz Werfel to tell us that 5000 miserable peasants, my apologies, had heroically fought against a Turkish army in the defense of their homeland, their families and their national honor.

00:11:04:06 - 00:11:33:20

Unknown

It's pretty sharp language, sharper than it actually sounds. At first reading, where one was obviously a published author himself. For two, he wrote those words as a foreword to another account, in this instance, a fairly reliable survivor story that had just been published toward translated into English, titled The Fall of the Aerie by Adam Hagar's Aerie, meaning an eagle's Nest.

00:11:33:22 - 00:12:11:03

Unknown

The contrast, of languages aside, which is a subject of interest in other settings than this one. Malchus was actually posing a set of difficult and almost despairing questions who is to tell the story? What account is more compelling, and whose account is more compelling? Which rendering does justice to the events describe? And I suppose he was also asking, what about the nature of the native speakers remembrance of his own story, which raises another set of questions whose story is it?

00:12:11:05 - 00:12:40:08

Unknown

Who owns the story? What methods should this challenging? By? What methods should this challenging episode in the life of the people be reconstructed, narrated and communicated? All of which actually make Franz account that much more compelling, because it succeeded in communicating in a manner that registered more success than any other rendition of what happened during the Armenian Genocide.

00:12:40:10 - 00:13:31:17

Unknown

Up to that time, the most widely read account was likely Ambassador Morgenthau Story. That book had been published in 1918, and by 1933, the subject of the Armenians and the terrors of the war years were no longer of international interest. More pressing problems like the Great Depression, the spread of Bolshevism, the rise of fascism, and the threat of renewed war held people's attention against that background, the success of warfare as a novel, The 40 Days of, attained a certain threshold in historical consciousness to the extent that it revived attention and enhanced understanding of what happened to the Armenians when remembrance was beginning to fade.

00:13:31:19 - 00:13:37:16

Unknown

Which leaves us with an interesting conundrum.

00:13:37:18 - 00:14:06:03

Unknown

Would the story of Moussa have gained and retained its important, its importance? If Franz Werfel had not written his remarkable novel? Now doctor mentions that it has been translated into 40 languages. I don't think any other account of the Armenian Genocide has reached anywhere near that kind of an audience.

00:14:06:05 - 00:14:46:12

Unknown

I have to live there. The question whether made France were famous or France were made famous, considering that its 800 pages long. The question does give cause for some reflection. For those who don't want to spend the time reading Werfel in this age of Instagram and WhatsApp rapidity and brevity, I recommend consulting Doctor Qarmatians historical account. He succeeded in summarizing it in a single chapter in his wonderful book that encompasses far more of the history of the Armenians of Mousavi.

00:14:46:14 - 00:14:50:15

Unknown

It's just easier to read, trust me.

00:14:50:17 - 00:15:04:18

Unknown

Marcus, the Armenian commentator continued with even sharper criticism, again addressing himself to an Armenian audience even though he was writing a preface to an English translation.

00:15:04:20 - 00:15:36:03

Unknown

Our ignorance of our immediate past becomes profound, a profound tragedy when we contemplate that the episode was not a mere exception, that in the struggle of our national existence, we waste more than a score of similar heroic fights, of which the majority of our people know nothing. Briefly, as he stated it, there is an enormous amount of information to unpack in that one paragraph.

00:15:36:05 - 00:16:11:23

Unknown

To begin with, I was struck by the reference to a score, namely some 20 instances of what otherwise would be called acts of resistance or self-defense. It's not certain whether he was speaking of the immediate past or the past in general, in the phrasing our national existence or of similar heroic fights. Given the context, however, it may be presumed that he had in mind the genocide years or the war years, and he relies on as a touchstone to make his case.

00:16:12:01 - 00:16:30:16

Unknown

Also, by the same argument, he contests the exceptionalism of all, and instead suggests that it be treated more as an emblematic, even paradigmatic, collective act by fellow Armenians.

00:16:30:18 - 00:17:10:18

Unknown

Doctor Martin, former director of the Genocide Museum in Yerevan, Armenia, has long been advocating for more attention to the subject of resistance and making the case that estimations should not be limited to collective acts alone, and that even minor and individual acts merit recognition in effect. He is echoing Malchus in seeking to redefine the Armenian Genocide, or to craft a more complex depiction of what transpired.

00:17:10:20 - 00:17:42:22

Unknown

I might have come up with a dozen example off the top of my head. Maruthi provided the following list. Von Sabine from The Orphan is untouched. Just got Sassoon villagers and co-director, and afterwards he mentions in 19 2021 Hajjiabad and Aleppo. And he forgot Marash. That's 15 places named.

00:17:43:00 - 00:18:14:01

Unknown

Does this mean that Malchus was right and Moussa is not the exception? If there were other instances of equally heroic resistance against the policy of annihilation, does that make less a stellar story of human courage and more in the pattern of human conduct, when confronted by overwhelming power applied to achieve obliteration, then also does it make friends worthless?

00:18:14:01 - 00:18:43:21

Unknown

Story the singular example, since he retrieved it from oblivion by the happenstance of his personal encounter with the remnants of the Armenians, and this becomes the version of what actually transpired. While Doctor Mauritius may be seeking to dignify all the instances of bravery in the face of overwhelming evil. There is a problem in heroism.

00:18:43:23 - 00:18:50:17

Unknown

All the writers of that era were survivors and must be accorded the understanding.

00:18:50:19 - 00:19:20:00

Unknown

Of the of the extremities of pain and suffering they endured. Examining their work in interviewing their methods is not to diminish the value of their contributions. Instead, it rather extends the type of appreciation they would have welcomed for having provoked us into delving deeper into their thoughts and assessing them from a more distant viewpoint. They were striving to change the dominant genocide narrative even back then.

00:19:20:05 - 00:19:34:01

Unknown

Now, almost 100 years ago, the more contemporary scholars such as Maruthi and in many respects agree with this perspective.

00:19:34:03 - 00:20:03:10

Unknown

Put it more plainly. I'm quoting, though in some of the scattered fights, Armenians were overpowered instantly. On some occasions they live to fight another week or month, organized and scattered, armed and unarmed alike. One thing is certain in many instances, Armenian civilians were not sheep to be slaughtered without a fight.

00:20:03:11 - 00:20:18:15

Unknown

This is where Aram Hagar enters among that list of forgotten or overlooked instances of resistance. The struggle waged by the Armenians of Sabine.

00:20:18:17 - 00:20:51:19

Unknown

Luckily compares most closely with that of Mossadegh because their two Armenians retreated up to a mountain, a large rock like the Rock of van, except the Armenians in van were stuck below the rock which the Turkish military had fortified on account of its strategic position near the border. Why would anyone in their right mind choose to barricade themselves in their neighborhood when it could be shelled from above?

00:20:51:21 - 00:21:28:04

Unknown

Is the kind of question that basically answers itself. Unlike the rock mountain to which the Armenians of retreated stood in an open plain and the sea was far away beyond the Pontic range, which makes their story completely heart wrenching. In brief, many of the able bodied men were arrested and slaughtered. The town was torched. The defenders were completely surrounded upon a merciless rock, and soon enough famine set in.

00:21:28:06 - 00:21:39:06

Unknown

The defenders overwhelmed and the remaining population surrendered. Fully aware of the fate awaiting them.

00:21:39:08 - 00:22:19:11

Unknown

Although written by an adult, the eyewitness account of the disintegration of Sabine is viewed from the perspective of the 13 year old participant, namely Aram Hagar himself, and reproduces an intensity of drama, suspense, apprehension and dread as effectively as Franz Werfel. It also benefits from the analytic comprehension of an adult, who tallies the meaning of the successive steps by which the Ottoman state strangled the life of the Armenian community of Sabin.

00:22:19:12 - 00:23:01:06

Unknown

In a final footnote at the end of the book. He writes, that's to say Aramaic goes off the more than 5000 who ascended the fort, which is the fort on top of the rock, only 47,000 survived. Of whom is the author of these lines? Mathematically, that's 1% survival rate. And what if Aramaic had not survived, or had been someone who did not retain the kind of detailed recollection he later narrated in his book?

00:23:01:08 - 00:23:45:22

Unknown

Which brings me back to asking how to calibrate the heroic. Does resorting to futile self-defense qualify? How can be compared to Moussa dog? Clearly, there was a meaningful resolution to the struggle of because the alternative of rescue was within the range of the possible. A similar alternative was not available to the Armenians of SA with that. Is there not an argument that perhaps the battle at the rock was more heroic than the battle over the mountain?

00:23:46:00 - 00:24:10:13

Unknown

To engage in that debate would miss the more central issues. What is the value of human life? What is the price of liberty? At what moment? That what juncture and at what intersection do the two become so costly? The choices have to be made.

00:24:10:15 - 00:24:48:05

Unknown

We cannot resolve those philosophical questions. And in that respect, we are the lucky ones. Yet countless human beings have faced that choice. The really intriguing question, then, is why did the inhabitants of Moussa and the inhabitants of Karachi behave in the manner that they did? And how did it happen that their stories are so inconsistent with the overall disastrous result of the deportations and attendant atrocities?

00:24:48:07 - 00:25:13:08

Unknown

Many other communities face the same predicaments observed, the same approaching disasters were subjected to same methodic, disempowerment and dismemberment, and still made no plans to take this measures or simply disintegrated in fear or entirely panicked.

00:25:13:10 - 00:25:47:11

Unknown

There lies some explanations that we don't have the time to dive into, but need to be underlined in apprehending. Why? In desperation, some opted to put a price tag on their lives, and others simply conceded and were defeated before even thinking of resorting to different course of action. There are at least two explanations worth mentioning in brief character and leadership.

00:25:47:13 - 00:26:28:18

Unknown

It is evident that some communities had achieved and lived by a sense of solidarity that enhanced their cohesion and interdependence, and that buttressed their responses to times of stress and danger. While other localities never approach that standard of behavior. There are many conditions that contribute to generating that capacity. Still, in the two examples in view, the capacity for coordination and collaboration surely registers as for leadership.

00:26:28:20 - 00:27:07:10

Unknown

In both places, there were figures in whose guidance the community and the populace had confidence and who were held in high regard, whether laymen or clergymen. Autumn Hijaz devotes many pages to naming and describing these outstanding figures. Their distinguishing characteristic he located in their consistent identification with their people, their needs and their predicaments, as well as the readiness of these men to make the decisions and the sacrifices on their behalf.

00:27:07:11 - 00:27:24:06

Unknown

The famine or a piercing bullet brought their end. Despite their own tribulations, they also had the fortitude to avoid planting the seeds of doubt and hesitation.

00:27:24:08 - 00:28:05:20

Unknown

Adam Hagar makes an interesting observation that puts this qualifier in sharp focus. He said the mass arrest of the men broke the back of Armenians in the full sense of the word. That was the whole point of the step by step measures taken by the Ottoman state as it implemented its policies. They would also mean that despite that feeling of brokenness and spirit, the remaining population recovered from their sense of alarm, the strength of resolution not to be subjected to the same outcome without a struggle.

00:28:05:22 - 00:28:28:08

Unknown

In the final analysis, then Sabina is the counter-narrative to the epic of and still by its opposite outcome, to the wages of Moussa. It proves Marcuse's argument about exceptionalism.

00:28:28:10 - 00:28:53:00

Unknown

There may be available and indirect method of proving this point. Among the exemplary figures are identified. These are the names he listed first, whom I.

00:28:53:02 - 00:29:17:17

Unknown

These names may not resonate any longer, but one from those families. There was onion left so profound and impression that he can be listed among those handful of men in history who are recalled by their first names alone. Anthony a.

00:29:17:19 - 00:29:27:16

Unknown

Well, that was the first and last time I saw Franz Werfel desk. Perhaps it remains in Scott somewhere on campus.

00:29:27:18 - 00:29:42:07

Unknown

That was the first time. By no means the last time I managed to provoke Richard Nixon to raise an eyebrow. Thank you very much.

00:29:42:09 - 00:30:19:19

Unknown

Good evening. Thank you for the invitation. And thank you for coming. This topic means a lot to me for two reasons. One, I'm fascinated by the history of the naturally, and second, because my grandfather and Reverend Andreasson were born in the same village in. They were friends, and I was told later on in my life that the valley the reverend used to visit our home in Tripoli occasionally.

00:30:19:19 - 00:30:26:14

Unknown

So I feel very close to this topic.

00:30:26:16 - 00:30:54:04

Unknown

I am, yes, I am, yes, sir. In case Musa later catch the Quran in Thorne translation I am Armenian, I am Armenian. Be terrified of my face. I am the grandchild of Declan the Brave, who said, the only gracious.

00:30:54:06 - 00:31:13:07

Unknown

Who was this man who claimed to her five year old granddaughter Anita, doctor and interaction to be the savior of his people from certain death, was born in 1888, in the village of John.

00:31:13:09 - 00:31:16:07

Unknown

After finishing the local Protestant elementary

00:31:16:11 - 00:31:43:15

Unknown

school at the age of 13, he met at the American Missionary Central Turkey College and Tap College, normally known also, which he finished in 1911. He then enrolled at the Theological School of Maharaja, graduating in 1914 while still a student in both institutions. He periodically took time off to teach and preach in the district.

00:31:43:15 - 00:32:10:23

Unknown

By the way, the Case Mountain is in the background, vaguely seen over there. That's Mount Cassius. On the other side of the mountain is Kasab, as well as in the farthest Lee village, an Armenian place situated to the south of Escandon or Alexandretta. On the eve of World War One, he occupied the pulpit of the Armenian Protestant Church of Satan.

00:32:11:01 - 00:32:41:08

Unknown

In less than a year, during the early days of the Armenian Genocide, he, his pregnant wife, mother and sister left Dayton with the last caravan of deportees. But instead of being driven to an unknown destination for extermination, the Andreas were able to stay in marriage for two months thanks to the intervention of American friends, most likely missionaries from Maharashtra.

00:32:41:09 - 00:33:21:18

Unknown

Andreas found their way to their arrival coincided with the deportation order that Mustafa received at the end of July 1915, when the armies of Kitsap and vicinity are there is among you? Yeah, my mother was Kitsap. So when the Armenians of Kasab and vicinity on July 26th, 1915, received the orders, the new sent shockwaves through neighboring without waiting for their anticipated notification, leading community members on July 29th held an emergency meeting.

00:33:21:20 - 00:33:52:21

Unknown

The only item on the agenda was how to respond to the incipient banishment of the entire population to an unknown destination and fate. Two options existed, either to comply or to resist. Both choices loomed under the ominous prospect of Near-certain death, but the lesser of two evils had to be decided on the meeting accordingly, way the pros and cons of compliance and defiance.

00:33:52:23 - 00:34:31:08

Unknown

Most delegates initially opposed resistance for two basic reasons. First, military hardware, manpower, and training were utterly inadequate. Second, the Mossad, or people of the lacked provisions. Therefore, it would be a ludicrous adventure or a masterpiece of foolishness to defy the well-armed, formidable Ottoman army. These are Reverend Andreas words. On the other hand, some favorable or hopeful conditions for a remotely feasible resistance existed.

00:34:31:10 - 00:35:18:15

Unknown

The axes were hardened peasants who not only could withstand all kinds of deprivation in their highly defensible mountain, but were also excellent marksmen by virtue of being seasoned hunters. I remember my grandfather hunting sparrows with a pistol. Can you imagine while flying, he was that good about it. I can brag about it because I've seen it. The problem of food could likewise be solved by acquiring small quantities from neighboring villages with the anticipation of speed to the world war, but more importantly, the occasional appearance of Allied battleships of the coast inspired home for a possible deliverance via the sea.

00:35:18:17 - 00:35:50:23

Unknown

What also reinforced the conviction of resistant proponents was the alternative tortures death in the most humiliating manner along the deportation route, the testimony of army deserters, other natives returning from business trips, and decline. Andreasson, who had independently witnessed the suffering of thousands of Armenians uprooted from their native soil, supported this position. Such corroborative accounts were too powerful to ignore.

00:35:51:01 - 00:36:28:01

Unknown

Anti-Asian proposed that the villagers gradually withdraw to the mountain crags from where they could engage the Ottoman forces with guerrilla tactics, preventing them from resting or camping at night. And although it would be impossible to defend the entire mountain with limited manpower, this strategy would allow the necessary mobility for the defenders to change location as needed. Those who advocated resistance prevailed by a two thirds majority, about 4200 plus out of the total 6300.

00:36:28:03 - 00:36:57:12

Unknown

The rest, those who didn't want to fight, were deported to the Syrian city of Hama, and the half of them perished not as a result of direct massacres, but through starvation, diseases, exposure to inhospitable terrain, and so on and so forth. Only a thousand of them returned to Mossad in early 1919. The position included the opposition, excuse me, eluded the apostolic

00:36:57:12 - 00:37:07:14

Unknown

clergy and some of the traditional notables, and also one Protestant minister, but ultimately they too joined the majority, with some exceptions.

00:37:07:16 - 00:37:52:20

Unknown

Reverend Andreasson, who initially vacillated, also tilted towards resistance. On July 30th, Turkish and Durham served the official deportation notice. The majority shunned the order and took the mountain trails instead of the road to exile. The ascent this sent occurred between July 31st and August 2nd, before the very eyes of the Ottoman soldiers guarding the village passes. The Armenians interpreted this puzzling inaction on the part of the truth as reflective of the government's conviction that it could subjugate the resisters with little or no effort, or persuade them with deceitful promises.

00:37:52:22 - 00:38:34:13

Unknown

Some clashes took place between the Ottoman forces and Armenian fighters by August 12th, after which representatives from the various camps met and formed a general administrative body or garb, and tanner Marmion, consisting of a chairman, a secretary and 14 members anti-Asian, chaired the group. Several attributes must have propelled them to that position. According to people who knew him well, he was endowed with a daring spirit bordering on adventurousness, complemented by a logical mind, level headedness and clarity of vision.

00:38:34:17 - 00:39:00:06

Unknown

He was, moreover, one of the most learned men in the entire lot, with a full resume as a teacher and a preacher to his credit at the youthful age of 27. Unfortunately, in the movie, the promise that you may have seen okay, he is portrayed as an old man and I was supposed historical consultant for the film. They said, shall we change it?

00:39:00:06 - 00:39:08:19

Unknown

I said, you were going to spend another million or two just to change that part. So they let it go.

00:39:08:21 - 00:39:58:11

Unknown

Despite this, his ministry to the minority Protestant community, he commanded respect among a broad spectrum of fellow countrymen. The Gabs fundamental task was to create and oversee a feasible resistance machine that consisted of two components, one civil and one military. Andreasson and his colleagues met twice daily and designed, implemented and change plans as needed. They also manage virtually all aspects of daily life, assigned various tasks, prosecuted and punished delinquents, maintain general order, coordinated the construction of shelters, cleared trails, and secure communication with the outside world.

00:39:58:13 - 00:40:13:06

Unknown

The Gab also created its military wing and appointed Moses der Colossians as safe, quiet. Raci, chief of dispatching, construed to mean military superintendent.

00:40:13:08 - 00:40:53:22

Unknown

Toward the end of August, that is, after waging three major battles with two within two weeks, it was deemed expedient to decentralize the general command for greater efficacy. Accordingly, new administrative councils were formed in each of the three major concentrations modeled after the original Gab, which continued to function under Andreas chairmanship in a coordinating capacity. Although holding the enemy at bay provided a temporary respite, the prospect of ultimate success in a protracted war remained nil.

00:40:54:00 - 00:41:25:23

Unknown

The sea constituted the only outlet to salvation, finding a means to establish contact with the Allied Navy, therefore, was imperative. While still in your no look, his birthplace, Reverend anti-Asian, had conceived the idea of preparing a large banner with the following English message strap on it.

00:41:26:01 - 00:42:02:18

Unknown

The method said Christians in Distress Rescue. I think his sister saw this on the on the fabric on the mountain. This idea was met with skepticism, and some even criticized Andreas Sound for wasting valuable time for its realization. He consequently carried the embroidered cloth wrapped around his waist until comrades, unable to come up with a better alternative, dropped their objection and even proposed making a second flag with a Red cross sign.

00:42:02:19 - 00:42:34:21

Unknown

This was also prepared by his sister. The two banners, watched by several guards, were hosted on a hilltop where they could be seen from the sea. Should the flags be noticed by a passing Allied battleship, a sign swimmers would deliver a written petition composed by Reverend Andreas in English, revised several times. As the situation on the battleground changed and placed in a sealed can to keep dry.

00:42:34:23 - 00:43:09:06

Unknown

This application was addressed to the British, French, Italian, Russian and American naval authorities. By the way, I found three documents the same letter, revised at different times in the French naval archives. The original ones, by the way. The petition described the terrible suffering of Armenian deportees from various towns and villages in Silesia, the violation and kidnaping of young women, the massacre of untold others and the death of survivors in the desert.

00:43:09:08 - 00:43:40:02

Unknown

Anti-Asian concluded his introduction by stating, I quote, we know certainly now that the Turkish government has decided to annihilate the Armenian nation. So they knew at that time, quote unquote, end of code. In a fortunate twist, a French battleship named on Sunday, September 5th came into contact with the Armenians, having noticed the Red cross flag and the inscribed banner.

00:43:40:04 - 00:44:10:03

Unknown

Week long communication between the French marine and its headquarters in Paris yielded no results in terms of what to do with these Armenians. But vice admiral artists differ on the of the French Third Mediterranean Fleet, hard pressed by the urgency of the life and death situation, made a personal decision without getting first permission from Paris out of humanitarian consideration to to rescue them.

00:44:10:05 - 00:44:25:12

Unknown

That process began on Sunday, September 12th, transporting about 4200 persons to persuade Egypt.

00:44:25:14 - 00:44:56:09

Unknown

The interior sciences arrived in port side on the following day, September 13th, and once the refugee camp was set up, they were given accommodation in section L, 10th number 15. In case you're wondering where they live. Okay, there's also the descriptions of the interior of the tent, which I'm going to publish when I finish this paper on Sunday, October 17th.

00:44:56:11 - 00:45:29:04

Unknown

The congregations of fellowships of bishops and these are villages in the United in the sacrament of Communion. Pastor Andreas delivered the sermon and administered the community the communion, together with the American missionary Reverend Stephen Trowbridge. The latter expressed his emotions as a participant witness. I quote, my heart was so full I could scarcely speak to them. The people were very reverend.

00:45:29:04 - 00:45:56:12

Unknown

Throughout the service the Spirit of God laid hold of our hearts and of code. Given the pressing need for total devotion to the ministry without distractions and reaction, sought assistance to carry on that work. He wrote to Reverend Trowbridge, and I quote, you can easily imagine what a time of temptation this is for all our people, but there is no one to help them and lead them spiritually.

00:45:56:12 - 00:46:24:06

Unknown

I have learned from my monthly experience that the work I am doing now as clerk in full for work for me, is full work for me. Often I have no time even to eat, no time in the whole week to prepare a short sermon. Of course, that means I can have no time either to help individuals of console the bitterness of families that I find to be very hard experience.

00:46:24:08 - 00:46:49:07

Unknown

All the needs of the people are sought to be supplied, but there is no one to supply the greatest need. Another thing which I find is that in this work I am obliged to be severe with the people, because, being uneducated, they do not see the truth in questions and oblige me to be so. And that is something which raises among the common people part of it.

00:46:49:08 - 00:47:18:05

Unknown

Of course, a feeling against me which hinders them to get spiritual help and leadership from me. So I would be very glad if I could change my work with perfect, not half ministry and give all my time to spiritual work. Now I am obliged to be satisfied with one spiritual service, a sermon in a week. But of course I need money for my family's living.

00:47:18:07 - 00:47:55:15

Unknown

Reverend Trowbridge concurred as he communicated with Doctor James Barton, the senior secretary of American Board of Missions for Foreign Missions, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, quote, this gifted and most virtual young pastor should not be driven with accounts and handling foodstuffs like a shipping clerk and of code. While the Apostolic Church had three active priests in the camp, it would be manifest neglect if we did not place our own pastor in the midst of his flock when he is so much needed for spiritual spiritual work.

00:47:55:15 - 00:48:46:18

Unknown

End of quote, the Sunday School Times, the official voice of a vast network of Sunday schools in the United States. He did the call by providing anti-Asian, a moderate monthly salary of $20 $20, because another source had also pledged the pastor's income. It was deposited in a savings account in his name. It should also be noted that when the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, ARF or Higher up started a lecture series at the camp in a bid to enlighten the refugee population at large, Andreasson collaborated by assuming its leadership as a highly respected Nonpartizan personality and the right man of the for the job.

00:48:46:20 - 00:49:02:11

Unknown

With his stature, the RF or not to hope there would not be any opposition to the presentation in the charged political atmosphere that prevailed among the refugees. In October 1915,

00:49:02:13 - 00:49:29:02

Unknown

shortly after the axis landed in Egypt, and reaction delivered a public lecture at the American Mission in Cairo about their saga. Reverend Trowbridge translated this lecture to English, publish it as a booklet for the American Relief Committee in Cairo, and sent it to the periodical press in the United States, together with photographs depicting the rescue scenes and the poor side camp.

00:49:29:04 - 00:50:05:18

Unknown

The rescue excuse me. The story, titled the Red Cross Flag that said 4000 had wide circulation and gained immediate success. Speaking of his impact, Reverend Trowbridge, detailed responses have come from points as far as as far distant as Calcutta, India, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Alaska and Melbourne, Australia, and from almost every state of the Union. One of the gifts for the Armenian Relief Fund came from a German soldiers wife.

00:50:05:20 - 00:50:32:09

Unknown

An English private recently gave four months pay, and offerings have come from children in many countries. End of code. In an update on the stories continued demand, Reverend Trowbridge wrote to Doctor Barton code I sent you at once on receipt of your letter of March 1st, 1916. All the copies of the Red cross flag story, which I could spare.

00:50:32:11 - 00:51:05:20

Unknown

We have only one dozen left and are still receiving requests from different parts of the world. The last letter which came in was from the wife of the Governor of Ceylon, modern day Sri Lanka or Sri Lanka. Another generous response came from the readership of every land. Accordingly, magazine of World Friendship for Boys and Girls, an appeal published in its April 1916 issue targeted children soliciting their support.

00:51:05:22 - 00:51:34:02

Unknown

Do you want to help? The Armenian girls and boys at Port Said? The title asked, showing ways to do so. Many children responded to this appeal and by December 1916 sent a total of $85.25 to the Army Red Cross in Egypt to be used for lunch at school supplies at the Port Said camp. Some excerpts from the letters accompanying the donations read.

00:51:34:04 - 00:52:18:14

Unknown

I'll give you three examples. One enclosed find six pennies from Rebecca Connor and seven pennies from Alfred Connor, money said from the 4th of July fireworks, another one in close. You will find $1, the gift of a Sunday school class of little girls to buy lunches for Armenian children in the refugee camp at port side. And the third one, we are sending $16.32 from our junior department for the Armenians, and we hope it will help some of the boys and girls who live near the place where the Christians were first called Christians, referring to the city of Antioch.

00:52:18:14 - 00:52:50:15

Unknown

Because Mustafa is very close to Antioch, we reserve the week before Easter as self-denial. Week two of the juniors stayed home from the circus. One gave up her birthday party, and little Annie, who could have afforded neither of the other luxuries, went without sugar. One of the classes gave up is class, party and of quote. A mission school in Cuba also participated in the fundraising drive, which was described as follows.

00:52:50:17 - 00:53:15:18

Unknown

The article had a Red cross flag that state 4000 was translated into Spanish and read by members of different classes. A sketch of the article and a visit to the Armenian camp at Port Said was given to one of the teachers. We had a chart of the two flags and the map of the country, besides a map which showed Paul's first missionary journey.

00:53:15:20 - 00:54:02:11

Unknown

We used the pictures from the center and cover of every land magazine mounted on a sheet of white paper, with explanation written underneath in Spanish for everyone to see. 75 children were present and their gifts amounted to $4.60, which we are sending to you for the Armenian Red cross and of code. In short, besides being a leader of the resistance, anti-Asian with the story had a great impact on the survival of his people through the provision of money for the acquisition of food and other necessities.

00:54:02:13 - 00:54:30:02

Unknown

The Red cross story was similarly published in the November 1915 issue of Aurora Journal in London. In the December 1st, 1915 issue of outlook magazine, this one in the January 1916 issue of New Armenia magazine, and shortly thereafter in the New York Evening Sun. The French and German translations saw the light of day in 1916 and 1919, respectively.

00:54:30:04 - 00:54:56:20

Unknown

This account was also included at this testimony to the Armenian Genocide in the so-called Blue Book. British Blue Book, edited by Viscount Bryce. I think Toynbee, also titled The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1950 and 1916. Documents presented to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. A type copy of this particular document rests in the archives of the American University of Beirut.

00:54:56:21 - 00:55:01:12

Unknown

AUV.

00:55:01:14 - 00:55:37:23

Unknown

Pastor Antiochian himself published a longer version of 68 pages of his lecture in Armenian entitled Zeta announced that the years the Radio Tuna, the Surrender of Dayton, and the severe Self-Defense was also the area where most of the existed, and oftentimes the most of these are known as the Armenians. In the preface, he wrote. This brief historical account of mine is a simple composition of events which does not have the imprint of an analytical and critical study.

00:55:37:23 - 00:56:20:11

Unknown

End of code. Those aspects reveal themselves 20 years later, when the author published a second, revised and expanded edition titled Z. If you have a stamp tune The Deportation of Zeitoun and the Saavedra Rebellion. The AMA, the Army Missionary Association of America in 1993 published the 1935 version of Andrea's memoirs in English, mention being the translator. The book's title was somewhat altered to read Escape to Mozart or, the Banishment of Satan and Revolt.

00:56:20:16 - 00:56:49:14

Unknown

Similarly, the AMA in 2000 published the original 1935 Armenian version as a third edition in Beirut, with an introduction by Reverend Baquet, who was the son in law of Reverend Andreasson, and on his father. The book in Eastern Armenian, published by the AMA on the occasion of the Armenian Genocide Centennial, is a rendition from the original 1935 Western Armenian version.

00:56:49:14 - 00:57:24:16

Unknown

But whatever the dialect. However, this account remains one of the most reliable and balanced primary source sources about the factual event of the resistance. Reverend and reaction contributed to the history and culture of his people through yet another work. In 1967, the HR Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic published Reverend Anti-Science, important study on the dialect of titled Barbara Christina Lesson.

00:57:24:19 - 00:57:57:01

Unknown

Translation. The dialect of the language of Christians is Christian, so they call their language Christian dialect. After the repatriation of survivors from portside at the end of World War One, the Quran Andrea assumed the helm of the Protestant Churches of your Knowledge and bishops simultaneously for two years, 1919 1921 and subsequently that of bishops for three years, 1921 1924.

00:57:57:03 - 00:58:39:06

Unknown

These were trying times. Houses and other community buildings were cannibalized by wartime Muslim settlers. The fields left unattended and the orchards damaged food shortages, reaching catastrophic proportions, deadly diseases filling lives or fans needing shelter. Demobilize Legion Armenian origin known as legendarium. Volunteers left unemployed. Turkish and Alawite armbands infesting the region honor key and insecurity reigning and internal bloodshed between the villages of Bishops and Hajji Habibullah, tearing apart the very fabric of a significant segment of society.

00:58:39:08 - 00:59:05:08

Unknown

In addition to his pastoral duties, Reverend Andreas played a key role in resolving some of the above issues. In 1919 and 1920 he was elected twice, and served the longest as chairman of the central body of the Armenian National Union, whose test it was to govern and coordinated all aspects of life under the grave conditions described as such.

00:59:05:09 - 00:59:39:00

Unknown

He traveled to Adana and Mersin with prominent compatriots to raise funds for food and procure other needs, among them weapons corresponded with the Armenian General Benevolent Union, AGU representative in Cilicia. To secure compensation for the discharge, Legionnaires sought shelter for parentless children, succeeded in obtaining $7,000 from the American nearest relief in Beirut for the purchase of potato and outlet monetary disbursement.

00:59:39:01 - 01:00:07:19

Unknown

As for assistance from the British Friends of Armenian Society, headquartered in London, which obliged with 200 pounds British pounds and co-chaired the panel constituted to find a solution to the conflict. Information is scanty concerning purely church matters in bits during Andreas pastorate, and in 1924 was assigned to lead the case of Armenian Protestant Church to resolve a simmering conflict.

01:00:08:01 - 01:00:37:05

Unknown

After three months in his new role, he was invited by the Pastors Union Armenia Angelic Pastors Union stationed in Aleppo, to be ordained Boswell or Reverend. Until that time we was like a preacher or a pastor. On Friday, December 12th, 1924, he was examined on a wide range of issues, including conversion, doctrine, and theology in the presence of about 1000 people.

01:00:37:07 - 01:00:39:10

Unknown

The examining committee, composed of

01:00:39:10 - 01:01:11:04

Unknown

two missionaries, three native Armenian angelic clergyman, and seven delegates. Asked about 32 questions two days later, on Sunday afternoon, December 14th, he was ordained at the Manuel Church in the presence of about 1500 attendees, a French army pastor, two missionaries for native pastors, and then Armenia priests participated in the ordination. Reverend Andreasson then preached for 25 minutes, followed by the benediction.

01:01:11:04 - 01:01:42:12

Unknown

Such service was described as the first of its kind in Aleppo. This is 1924. What is important for our purposes is the fact that the preordained deliberations by a special committee to determine whether Andreasson deserved to be ordained did not go smoothly, as her granddaughter doctor reminisced. I quote, but we must have been very brave to even conceive of the idea of resisting the Turks.

01:01:42:16 - 01:02:13:02

Unknown

He not only organized the resistance, but he also bore arms himself. He was motivated, not motivated not only by the desire to save his people, but his own young family. His first son was born on and was given the name of Moses and Moses, named after the first ship that saw the Armenians. For that reason, I have no documentation about ever having killed anyone on me, said.

01:02:13:04 - 01:02:40:23

Unknown

But this certainly became problematic for him afterwards when he was a candidate for ordination as a. But really, some people objected to his being ordained because he had carried a weapon during the fights. Ultimately, he did become an ordained minister of the Armenian Angelica Church. Can you imagine the mindset of those people? After rendering four years of service at kesa?

01:02:41:01 - 01:02:46:08

Unknown

He was asked again.

01:02:46:10 - 01:03:22:21

Unknown

He was asked again to lead the church, this time staying for six years from 1929 1935, from 1935, from 1935, Reverend was again at the helm of the Kassab church, from where he moved to Latakia in 1938 to run the small Protestant congregation there. This move was aimed at saving his life from the Turkish government, as he was blacklisted for having participated in the resistance in 1915.

01:03:22:22 - 01:04:03:03

Unknown

Heeding the call to serve God in Aleppo, he in 1942 occupied the pulpit of the newly formed and neighborhood Armenian Protestant Church. His last post was the Bethel Armenian Protestant Church, also in Aleppo, from 1949 until his retirement in 1957. Air. Later he relocated to Beirut. Now let's see how the political parties were reacting. All of this basking in the glory of the successful outcome of the resistance, the three political parties and their adherents for several decades jockeyed for its ownership.

01:04:03:09 - 01:04:30:20

Unknown

There was no question in the minds of the Social Democrat and checking party SDH affiliates as to who prepared the groundwork for, organized and led the resistance, hinting at the precautionary measures that the party had taken during the 1909 massacres, and insisting that the guns used in the battles of 1915 were purchased thanks to their efforts and those of neutral individuals.

01:04:30:21 - 01:04:59:16

Unknown

The SDP claimed that the people of Mossadegh knew of no party other than the stage, and that the absolute majority of the fighters came from its ranks. The party's press also exalted the 75 year old Moses, calling him the hero of the sea for swimming 31 hours, finding a battleship and rescuing his fellow countrymen from an impossible situation.

01:04:59:17 - 01:05:37:18

Unknown

How could he do it? There was simple. He was a member. Reverend Jackson, in an article, dismissed these purported heroics of classical proportions as our contemporary myth. In turn, official and unofficial Armenian Revolutionary Federation accounts underscored the party's prominence in the resistance. According to a regional activist, on the eve of World War One, the RF Central Committee of Cilicia and Syria had devised a broad self-defense plan that would be implemented in case of renewed persecution.

01:05:37:19 - 01:06:10:04

Unknown

The plan called for coordination among the various mountainous localities in Cilicia, where the army's inhabited. Armenian inhabitants would gather together around Zeta and Hajjiabad, and ultimately around Kasab, and from there it would be possible to communicate with the allies via the sea. However, as the Ottoman Empire entered the war and soon embarked on a systematic extermination of the Armenian people, ARF chapters disintegrated rapidly.

01:06:10:05 - 01:06:54:04

Unknown

Only Mozart and Urfa were able to put up fights in the Cilician region. I found this document in the RF archives at that time in Boston, now in Watertown, Massachusetts. Whereas this account implied the RF exclusivity in at least planning the struggle. The official party report issued in 1916 spoke of the truth, which is that even if we put aside the providential role played by the Subcommittee of Severe in persuading the people, carrying out the fights, and organizing the resistance, the region owes its deliverance again and solely to the rifles brought there by the efforts of the tune.

01:06:54:04 - 01:07:30:17

Unknown

And, of course. But the report was also quick to add that, quote, the guns and reform shotguns have helped our comrades in every way, and whether in the work of persuading the people or throughout the self-defense fights, there has been absolute and complete solidarity among the revolutionary elements. For its part, the Reform Party, or P, quite vociferously ascribed an almost messianic role to two of its members, namely Bedrosian and the.

01:07:30:19 - 01:08:03:15

Unknown

The latter's name in particular has been inflated to larger than life proportions. This agreement of Yacoubian persona came about by demeaning there and this party on the one hand, and underscoring Yacoubian significant role on the other. In the first instance, their collusion was portrayed as a 20 year old immature youth who demonstrated his cowardice by hiding among the women folk during the battles of an absurd claim.

01:08:03:17 - 01:08:32:08

Unknown

Moreover, according to RHP sympathizers, not only did they not constitute a force in, but also its majority opposed the resistance. By the way, there was no reform and party for a long time. And if toward the end after 1911, there were only a handful of them, that's it. By contrast, Yacoubian, a man in his 30s, was crowned the real leader who did much more than the various ineffective councils.

01:08:32:13 - 01:09:10:05

Unknown

Sympathizers also claim that he and the Malakian had conceived the idea of armed struggle long before 1915 by preaching in the various villages. It was inconceivable, therefore, that most adoptees would have defied the government without these two revolutionary pioneers. However, although the activity of the Reform and Gas has only been the only and the only is in uppercase letters, one that has saved the nation's honor in Silesia, a distinction was made between the party itself as person morale and the fact of belonging to that party.

01:09:10:07 - 01:09:38:21

Unknown

Within this context, what spurred the armed struggle was not the party per se, but rather its brave and wise members who made the people's Resistance a success. In short. None of the above claims made by the three political parties and their affiliates mentioned Reverend Andreas name as a key figure in the resistance. In other words, he was totally neglected and ignored.

01:09:38:23 - 01:10:18:05

Unknown

Three annual commemorations of the most of the resistance took place at the port side refugee camp on September 17th, 1916, October 2nd, 1917, and September 15th, 1918. While Reverend was present at the first and third events, he was invited to take part in the second anniversary celebration. After telling the story of the resistance, he, as an impartial person, also did not mince his word in criticizing the shortcomings of his people, most likely to have them behave in a more disciplined manner as refugees in the camp.

01:10:18:06 - 01:10:51:11

Unknown

Only you told me that he was very blunt. Apparently, this is one of the evidence. Okay. When the Armenians repatriated from Egypt. Regional insecurity prevented them from marking the saga with pomp and circumstances till 1924. Each year thereafter, through 1938, commemorative events took place at a spot called On the Mountain, where a pile of rocks had served as a makeshift altar during the actual fights for about eight years.

01:10:51:12 - 01:11:17:00

Unknown

Holy mass was celebrated at the site, and Requiem for the repose of those who had fallen on the battlefield was conducted in a nearby plot, where wooden crosses were stuck into the ground. But in 1932, this temporary arrangement was replaced with a more fitting fenced graveyard that included 18 tombstones, each inscribed with the name of a fallen fighter.

01:11:17:05 - 01:12:03:09

Unknown

At the same time, a monument resembling an altar and a French battleship was inaugurated nearby. Henceforth, mass was celebrated. Speeches delivered and feasts took place at this site. What is important to know is the fact that revenant reaction was left out of the above ceremonies when he and his family attended the monument inauguration in 1932. He was excluded from the program due to this omission by the political parties and from the commemorations back in, he decided to republish his original eyewitness account in an expanded form in 1935, in order to remind the public of a significant role in the saga.

01:12:03:11 - 01:12:32:14

Unknown

Another incentive for Reverend Entree action to edit and make available his book for a wider readership was the 40 Days of the, published in 1933, in which the Reverend has been portrayed as pastor. Aram Thomas Young as the spiritual head of his church at Dayton, his first official full time job, effective 1914. He had witnessed deportation of the entire population population of the town.

01:12:32:16 - 01:13:08:19

Unknown

In fact, he and his family were part of the caravan destined for oblivion. However, American Protestant missionaries succeeded in keeping them in at Maharaj, with high hopes that the young and capable pastor would be of good use. But after a short while, the Thomas returned to their native Musa. Upon arrival, the pastor clearly shocked, but what he had witnessed and heard on route from Beirut, from Beirut, from they turned to marriage caution the people around him in no uncertain terms.

01:13:08:19 - 01:13:39:17

Unknown

I called this as Francois felt the 40 don't think of the old massacres of the 1890s and 1909. This is far worse, far more gruesome, far more relentless than any massacre. And above all, it's far slower. It remains with you day and night and of code. When it was time to decide on a course of action in response to the deportation order given to the pastor.

01:13:39:18 - 01:14:05:01

Unknown

Thomas Young was resolute in his decision. I quote, I know how to how I mean to die, not like a defenseless sheep, not on the road to their resort, not amid the filth of the deportation camps. Not from hunger and not from a stinking epidemic. No, I mean to die on the threshold of my house with a gun in my hand.

01:14:05:07 - 01:14:41:09

Unknown

Christ will help me to it whose word I preach. And my wife shall die with me and the unborn child in her womb. And of course, when the majority of Moussa decided to resist. Pastor Thomas played a significant role in forming and observing, overseeing, excuse me, several councils to deal with the various aspects of the resistance machine and daily life, including the provision of food, building shelters, resolving health issues, and creating a police force to maintain law and order.

01:14:41:14 - 01:14:46:07

Unknown

Despite some disagreements.

01:14:46:09 - 01:15:17:16

Unknown

Despite some disagreements with the other readers leaders as to how to do things, Pastor Thomas advocated unity. This is how, generally speaking, where failed depicted Pastor Thomas reverend reaction as a major protagonist in the novel. This version, with his signature, was given to me by magazine as a gift. Thank you. Maggie.

01:15:17:18 - 01:15:43:18

Unknown

Reverend Jackson passed away in 1962 at the age of 74. There are many of angelic union in the Near East. Seeing that his name was included from 50th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. Events and media coverage. In 1966, that is a year later devoted to him an entire issue of channels, their endeavor magazine, the official organ of the Armenian Evangelical Youth Association.

01:15:43:22 - 01:16:18:15

Unknown

Several clergymen and lay acquaintances contributed articles. Reverend Havana's are a prominent figure within the denomination. Consider his colleague the exceptional hero of exceptional circumstances and intellectual leader, not acting on emotions for Reverend. Another colleague, Reverend Jackson, had a stage presence, and he did the call to serve in difficult places where others declined to work. Further, he manifested healthy judgment with a scientific mind.

01:16:18:16 - 01:17:01:04

Unknown

Unfortunately, he was not appreciated duly, duly, partly because of his modesty. His son in law, Reverend Baquet, wrote about the sufferings of a heroic pastor. However, although a very modest person, he did not remain silent when a journalist misrepresented the facts regarding the resistance. In short. Unlike most Partizan approaches, the various testimonials testimonial articles struck a balanced portrayal of their man without claiming exclusivity or according undue respect, even when showering him with superlatives.

01:17:01:07 - 01:17:35:21

Unknown

After all, humble as their hero was all he would ask for to mitigate his silence. Suffering was fairness in recognizing his rightful place in the history of his people. The above appeal fell on deaf ears for another 36 years. By 2000, however, things had changed because of the gradual meltdown of the lingering political parties self-aggrandizement resulting from the united commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the genocide.

01:17:36:01 - 01:18:03:11

Unknown

Those development also affected the most of the Armenians in Niger. Anjar was the place where, in 1939, the people refusing to live under Turkish rule again were relocated. It was a swampy place. The French purchased land and built houses for them, and Anjar now is a thriving rural town where I used to summer. You go to their every summer.

01:18:03:13 - 01:18:45:12

Unknown

On Wednesday, July 12th, 2000. At the conclusion of the 57th conference of the Army of Angelica Union in the Near East, and in tandem with the 85th Anniversary Commemorative Committee of the resistance, Reverend Andreas remains were transferred from Beirut to anchor to be reinterred on the evangelical church and school premises. The program consists of three parts. In part one, Hovhaness led a church service in which he praised the deceased for his heroism for the glory of God and his nation in part two for pastors.

01:18:45:14 - 01:18:58:22

Unknown

Carried the small coffin from the church to the burial site. The ceremony here entailed prayers and the reading from the Bible. In part three.

01:18:59:00 - 01:19:31:04

Unknown

In part three, Reverend Doctor Paul, chairman of the Union Central Body and presently the president of the University in Beirut, Lebanon, thanked Reverend and reactions children and others for their contribution to the success of the event, followed by performances by the Evangelical School Choir. Then Marcian, a cousin of mine of the 85th Anniversary Committee, spoke of the symbolism of the reverence phenomenon.

01:19:31:06 - 01:19:45:08

Unknown

The Saint Paul Armenia Apostolic Church Choir also partook by singing, that is, spiritual hymns, representative of the head of the Apostolic and Catholic Churches in Lebanon.

01:19:45:10 - 01:20:09:18

Unknown

Political parties. Deputies to the Lebanese Parliament, the Mayor of Hammoud in Beirut, and educational and public figures. All were in attendance. In other words, this proved to be a community wide marking of reverence and legacy. The ceremonies ended with the placing of a wreath on the tombstone which carried.

01:20:09:20 - 01:20:44:08

Unknown

Which carried the following epitaph. Epitaph I quote I have fought the good fight. I have finished the race. I have kept the faith. Timothy two, chapter four, verses seven and eight. Reverend Dixon, anti-Asian 1888 1962. Barely said from the heroic Zeitoun carnage, he got imbued with the imperative of the heroic battle and had a leadership role in his successful outcome and of code.

01:20:44:09 - 01:21:20:12

Unknown

Two months later, two months later, on Sunday, September 16th, 2000, a bust of Reverend Andrea was unveiled next to Moses dir. Colossians near the Apostolic Church. This is his bust, and these are the sisters on the right and Reverend Andrea on the left again. A large crowd came to pay its respect to the Reverend. A community wide representation was similarly present for some unknown reason.

01:21:20:14 - 01:21:38:08

Unknown

A representative of the Democratic Liberal Party or action was absent. In recent decades, Reverend and the name has appeared in other public places as well. In Lebanon.

01:21:38:10 - 01:22:17:16

Unknown

One of the streets leading to the Armenian Angelica Church and school compound is named after him in Mosul town, Armavir Province in Armenia. One of the three similarly carries his name. I couldn't get the picture in the massive Ararat Cemetery of Fresno, California. His name is chiseled on one of the walls of the monument that stands there. Not withstanding these symbolic manifestations, reverent Declarations name still awaits its rightful inclusion in the general history of the Armenian people alongside other greats.

01:22:17:17 - 01:22:22:16

Unknown

Thank you very much.

01:22:22:18 - 01:22:51:02

Unknown

Thank you so much for just an extraordinary overview of the life of the very impactful Reverend Andreasson. This was even more extraordinary than I even imagined when we were talking about the subject. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Ruben, for your context. And now I would like to call on Reverend Andreas granddaughter, Annie for just a few words.

01:22:51:06 - 01:23:06:09

Unknown

Not too much, but please come forward and we'd love to hear from you. I should say Doctor Annie, who is a very well-known radiologist in Southern California.

01:23:06:11 - 01:23:45:20

Unknown

Good evening everyone. Thank you for being here. Braving the weeknight traffic to hear a lecture about my grandfather, Reverend anti-Asian. I was five years old when my grandfather passed away, so my memories of him are few and somewhat hazy. Even though he lived in the same household with us, his sister, he also lived with us. And I conversed with her in the language, the dialect of which I have mostly forgotten.

01:23:45:21 - 01:24:40:16

Unknown

Unfortunately, the school was the person responsible for designing and sewing the flags that you were shown the white flag with the red cross on it to attract passing ships. I recently reread my grandfather's eyewitness account of the deportations from Satan, and the resistance of which was, as said, translated into English by the Armenian Missionary Association of America. Each time I hear or read the story again, I'm filled with admiration for the bravery of this small group of Armenians who put up such a difficult but successful resistance against a much greater power.

01:24:40:18 - 01:25:18:12

Unknown

It always makes me wonder what I would have done in the same situation. Perhaps a question all of us should ask ourselves. We thank God for the timely arrival of the friendships on the scene and their aid, which led to the rescue of 5000 Armenian men, women and children from certain death. I want to thank Professor Marcian for his scholarly work and the historical research he has carried out over a lifetime, resulting in many books and publications.

01:25:18:13 - 01:25:52:23

Unknown

Thank you for bringing to life the exciting story of the resistance and my grandfather's role in it. My thanks also go to Doctor Reuben Adaline for his valuable introductory remarks, which put the story into context. Thank you. Last but not least, I am grateful to an Caraga and the Promise Institute for choosing to highlight my grandfather's role in the resistance and organizing the entire event.

01:25:53:00 - 01:25:56:22

Unknown

Thank

01:25:57:00 - 01:26:16:01

Unknown

Thank you so much, doctor. And then I would like to welcome as well one more brief speaker, Reverend Hendrik Nazarene, who is the minister to the Union for the Armenian Evangelical Union of North America. So Bob belly.

01:26:16:03 - 01:26:36:20

Unknown

Good evening. Thank you, doctor, and promise Armenian Institute for organizing this. And thank you. Doctors, for your very helpful and informative informations. I just want to share a short story of my first introduction to Reverend Andreas.

01:26:36:22 - 01:27:13:02

Unknown

It was true. The France book The 40 Days of the. I was just graduated from high school and I was helping with the church magazine back home in Iran. I was proofreading and sometimes drawing some designs, and one day the editor came to me, gave me the Armenian translation of the the 40 days of, and told me, read this book and wherever you see Aram, Thomas, slash Reverend Andreas and make a note and give it to me.

01:27:13:03 - 01:27:54:02

Unknown

He was preparing an article on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of genocide, and he wanted to write an article about Reverend Andrew Jackson. As I read the book, I became deeply interested in. Pressed by Reverend Andreasson leadership, courage and remarkable organizational abilities, what struck me most was his leadership in the community during such a critical and painful period in the life of our people, as well as his involvement in helping rescue thousands of defenseless Armenians.

01:27:54:03 - 01:28:28:10

Unknown

His faith, leadership, activism and heroism became a powerful source of inspiration for me as, especially on those days, I was discerning and preparing for ministry. In 2007, I moved to the United States with my family. I was delighted to learn that Doctor Anita is the grandchild of Reverend Andreasson. Knowing her felt like a personal connection to one of our community's heroes.

01:28:28:11 - 01:29:04:10

Unknown

I thank God for Reverend Andreas legacy and for the continuation of that legacy in the doctors Annie and Nazareth and their family life. I thank God for that. Reverend Andreasson, may God bless his memory and may. The story that was told today, may that story and his testimony continue to inspire the lives and ministries of many young pastors and community leaders.

01:29:04:11 - 01:29:14:03

Unknown

Thank you for creating this opportunity for us to learn about him and to be inspired. God bless you. Thank you.

01:29:14:05 - 01:29:43:20

Unknown

so much, Reverend. And now we do have an opportunity for those in the audience here to ask questions of both of our speakers. If desired, we can have them sit up here. We have microphones available. We also have roving mix that can be taken into the audience. Are there questions from our audience for either of our speakers?

01:29:43:22 - 01:30:02:03

Unknown

Maybe I'll start then. So I have wondered, and maybe you said this, but I didn't catch it. Vahram, I don't know if you would like to sit up here and maybe this would be more easy. Does this work? I think it does.

01:30:02:05 - 01:30:37:05

Unknown

Is this okay for you? So I was wondering later in life, after the Armenians of Moussa went to Anjar, did Reverend Andreasson interact very much with the survivors who lived in Anjar? Was he with them very much or the question? Well, so, thinking about the chair. Oh, so sorry. After the Armenians, Moussa went to live in Anjar and established their community there.

01:30:37:09 - 01:31:01:18

Unknown

Reverend Andreas was in Aleppo. He was in other places. Did he ever go to interact with the people? And if I'm not mistaken, and Annie told me that you had a house in Nigeria. And did he go to Anjar, to his house from time to time at least, or not for a year or two, but full time? Yeah.

01:31:01:20 - 01:31:30:07

Unknown

Oh, that's the answer. And I'm sure he interacted with them. Very good. Thank you. Their questions from our audience. These were both very comprehensive presentations. Yes. Let's see. Maybe we could have. Emily, would you be able to take this to her or. Oh. So sorry. Question over here.

01:31:30:09 - 01:32:13:06

Unknown

Thank you. Hello. Thank you for your talk. I wanted to ask if you had any examples of in Armenian literature were Reverend Andreas, and was the inspiration for any characters in post genocidal literature, Armenian literature, whether his name has been mentioned in the mentioned or the inspiration for a character, perhaps either in poetry or in. I don't know of any, but I know that in his two books, version one, 1915 and 1935, at the beginning there is a poem.

01:32:13:08 - 01:32:39:01

Unknown

It says it's a pen name. I think he wrote that, but I'm not so sure. It's interesting. It's about Armenian genocide. I don't know who has written it. He also has published some articles in different magazines, but these are not literary work unless there is one which is about the Christian or the language of Christian. This is besides the book.

01:32:39:03 - 01:32:56:21

Unknown

Other than that, I don't know. He wrote something about who the CBD Armenians were and things like that, but other people referring to him, I'm not so sure. I haven't come across any references. Thank you.

01:32:56:23 - 01:33:03:22

Unknown

Other questions from the audience.

01:33:04:00 - 01:33:29:22

Unknown

Either it was comprehensive or not understood which one and and I should mention that we do have wonderful refreshments after this event, so please don't feel you're going to go home hungry. There's another question. Yes there are there are a couple of questions. So maybe oh, the Armenian part is correct there. They their history or what.

01:33:30:00 - 01:33:44:15

Unknown

They haven't corrected necessarily. But now they mentioned but really as a leader of the resistance and they have high respect of him.

01:33:44:17 - 01:34:21:03

Unknown

So here's a well but because we're recording, if you could speak into the speaker, I was curious if Ambassador Morgenthau reported on moussaka or other. I don't believe so. I could be wrong. Yeah. By the way, Franz Fairfield did research for two years, very meticulous research. He visited libraries. He interviewed people. He also, I found out 6 or 7 years ago, went to Musa with the help of a multi-year, ascended the mountain.

01:34:21:03 - 01:34:47:07

Unknown

He had measuring taste with him. He took measurements. He also viewed the places where they were fighting. He also drew some of the scenes, and you'll find those drawings in his handwritten in his manuscript, by the way. So he was there for four days, living under a tent up of the mountain, looking at the sea, turning his back, going from one trench to another.

01:34:47:07 - 01:34:58:05

Unknown

Or he thought those were trenches, and he obtained information through that experience as well.

01:34:58:07 - 01:35:04:08

Unknown

See, I think we have one question here. And then Natalia.

01:35:04:10 - 01:35:07:07

Unknown

Is.

01:35:07:09 - 01:35:40:20

Unknown

Philosopher. His name is Giovanni. We opened his house. Maybe we can try to get a mic telling that during 40 days they were singing his song the heart arrests and ran the man. Was it correct that I don't know, but I know that there's the other song that they sing and dance is a German Fest. And how could Nino to love Lucy?

01:35:40:22 - 01:36:13:09

Unknown

Hello, hello, hello and enjoy. It has some 40 verses, probably. I don't want to rip you all night long. Yeah. Hi, doctor. Thank you for this amazing presentation. It's also good to see you. So we know that in the 20s, there was like a repatriation movement for Armenians back from poor state to go back to and with opening up schools there, did Reverend Antonio have any role in the schools that are being opened up in the 20s there?

01:36:13:10 - 01:36:52:15

Unknown

The first year, 1919, 1920, he became a teacher and a supervisor for a very short while. And then he was he was engaged in various other tasks, leadership role. ET cetera. So he couldn't continue with teaching other than that, probably when he was at Mustafa from 1919 to 24, he got involved in Armenian Protestant school because he was the reverend, and also from 1929 1935, he was there as a preset principal, usually got involved in education also.

01:36:52:17 - 01:36:59:13

Unknown

Yeah.

01:36:59:15 - 01:37:04:04

Unknown

This is for doctor.

01:37:04:06 - 01:37:31:23

Unknown

Dalian for you. I enjoyed that thoroughly. But you gave a contrasting example of Musa dog of another incident that wasn't that was not a happy ending. I'm just curious about your research in that. What are your source materials is at the same time frame any is there a more source material that you didn't present?

01:37:32:01 - 01:38:01:18

Unknown

Well, the the main source of the story is the one that the survivor wrote, taking into account where was 4000 was survived, who survived was the number 1200. Yeah, there's only 54 that survived from what was the name of that one sword which is below?

01:38:01:20 - 01:38:38:15

Unknown

It's in what would would have been historically Armenia minor. So it's basically a historic Armenian town, but it's on the other side of the of the Euphrates, near the Pontus. It the I only spoke about the rock. Just to simplify the story. There was a fort, a medieval fort dating back to the Roman and Byzantine era, and they took refuge within the walls of the fort to which they're, you know, fortified and managed to hold out for about 26 days.

01:38:38:17 - 01:39:09:17

Unknown

And, by the way, held out for 53 days. Right? No, no, 53. But it's more than 40 between 42 and 48 days, depending on how you count. All right. Yeah, that's that's a very Armenian answer. Okay. No, no, it can't be 53 people mentioning that number right and left. It can't be. They went to the mountain from the 30th to the 2nd of August, and then they left on the 12th.

01:39:09:18 - 01:39:46:11

Unknown

So add them up. And the last to arrive in Port Said on the battleship came on the 16th. So it depends on how you count, where you start, where you end, but never 53. Well, but the point about how long they people held out. And I think this is where Doctor Martin's observations come in. That's the longest, I think, resistance during the genocide that occurred.

01:39:46:13 - 01:40:14:12

Unknown

The most because are only held out for, I think, 26 days in all. And of course, in the last few days they were just falling, falling apart. By that point, the famine, famine had set in, typically in cases where Armenians were able to barricade themselves, were not necessarily able to save their lives because they ran out of food.

01:40:14:13 - 01:40:49:03

Unknown

Or water. They did the the the point of my presentation was both at the end. Unlike in so many other places in the thousand, other towns and cities were evacuated. These folks took a different path, made a different decision, and that's that's what's so unusual about their case. And of course, the fact that there are two writers, one a European one and the other an ethnic Armenian, who saved the stories.

01:40:49:08 - 01:41:13:12

Unknown

If there are survivors but don't have don't have the either, you know, the kind of recall or the capacity to create a good book and a good story, then the story itself is lost. It's not it's not enough to have to to have seen it happened. It also needs to be recorded.

01:41:13:13 - 01:41:53:21

Unknown

A few years ago, the Armenian National Archives in Yerevan, Armenia, published three books, all survivor accounts 1916 the ARF that had the vision to record their testimonies. They were there for so many years. Only after independence they were published three books in Armenian and one book in English. Like a summary. So there are in those volumes many more instances of resistance in places where we haven't heard also.

01:41:53:22 - 01:42:33:03

Unknown

Okay, so we should also think along those lines. Something else about whether France were made famous or Mozart made France famous. I will say this. Yes, France wrote that novel and brought the on the map of the world through, but had not. The Musée d'Art is themselves not decided to fight France. Farewell would not be known today, as far as the armies are concerned.

01:42:33:05 - 01:43:07:09

Unknown

Yes. What happened to this one? One more, maybe one more time. Survivors of shopping. I think both farm and I have been trying to compress the story of the 5000 who went up to defend themselves and had 7000 Armenians, only 5000 made it up because made it up to the fort because they were already being picked off. And there was a sweep.

01:43:07:11 - 01:43:20:19

Unknown

Earlier, before the siege, there were 230 or so of the men. Able bodied men were taken to jail, arrested and taken local jail.

01:43:20:21 - 01:43:48:15

Unknown

Four Armenians dared cross the the space between their neighborhood and the village and were overwhelmed by the odor that they picked up, the scent that they picked up in the place, only to find that all those men were lying, you know, in a pool of four inches of blood that all been axed once the news got out as to what their fate is, the rest of the population obviously.

01:43:48:17 - 01:44:13:06

Unknown

Then took it took took a different view on what they need to be doing. But by that point, most of the young men had also been conscripted and had disappeared from the face of the earth. So it's the 5000 that goes up at the time of their surrender. I think they're down to a thousand, and then they're deported.

01:44:13:08 - 01:44:48:09

Unknown

So the 54 are the scarce number one of the. There is a huge differential between the numbers, the percentages of people who survived depending on the area. Folks from historic Armenia, especially northern Armenia, the decimation rate was enormous. Folks from the southern areas who had less shorter distances to travel had a better chance of survival. And as and as far as pointed out, if you went, if you were sent to theirs or you were going to meet your creator.

01:44:48:11 - 01:45:05:05

Unknown

But if you were sent down into Syria where they didn't slaughter them. But obviously people died from starvation and epidemics. Still, the percentages were better. And folks in solicitor in that respect, which encompasses.

01:45:05:07 - 01:45:17:07

Unknown

Had a better chance to survive. Their stories are a little better known. We know about Satan tune.

01:45:17:09 - 01:45:46:10

Unknown

And obviously Moussa and so forth, and we know much less about all those other places that doctor Moroccan as the some of these locations look, you know, were so remote that it's hard to know if anybody got out. They may have resisted, but it's hard to know whether they got out. I had heard that there were still Armenians living in southern until the 1960s, you know, baffling bit of, you know.

01:45:46:12 - 01:46:10:09

Unknown

Verbal evidence or, you know, hearsay. You know, anything any different? No. One interesting thing that I found eight years ago in the press, Armenian press, the Armenians had taken with them up to the mountain, six singer sewing machines.

01:46:10:11 - 01:46:30:23

Unknown

And when they arrived in, they became very handy. And the American Red cross also added to them. And they had 2025 sewing machines with which the women were kept busy. So six sewing singer machines.

01:46:31:01 - 01:46:38:11

Unknown

Let's understand the singer sewing machines were rescued also. Yes. Okay.

01:46:38:13 - 01:47:22:17

Unknown

Amazing. Okay. Any other questions from our audience? This evening? Okay. Well, if not, thank you both to

01:47:22:19 - 01:47:39:15

Unknown

their very great Savior, Reverend Antiochian. God bless his memory and his family. So before we conclude, and as I mentioned, we have wonderful refreshments for you on our patio outside.

01:47:39:16 - 01:48:10:06

Unknown

Let me just mention that the Promise Armenian Institute, which actually was named for the movie The Promise you probably know that has a number of events coming up, particularly during the month of April. Armenian Genocide remembrance period. On Wednesday, April 8th at 6 p.m., we are pleased to present a lecture in commemoration of the genocide by one of our very talented promise Armenian Institute post-doctoral scholars, Doctor Robert Sukiyaki.

01:48:10:08 - 01:48:50:07

Unknown

He will provide a talk for us entitled Rediscovering Grabbed, a portrait of an Armenian intellectual in the late Ottoman Empire, and this event will take place across the way at the engineering six Tanis Alumni Suite. Then on Sunday, April 12th at 4 p.m., the Museum and Maggie Goshen and collaboration with Our Promise Armenian Institute Armenian Genocide Research Program, which is headed by Doctor Toner, will present a genocide related poster exhibit as well as a discussion.

01:48:50:07 - 01:49:22:04

Unknown

So this will be in the late afternoon on Sunday, April 12th at the museum. Then on Thursday, April 23rd at 7 p.m., our Armenian Music program here at UCLA will present a commemorative concert in honor of the Armenian Genocide, as well as the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer of addition. So this will take place at UCLA in Sherbrooke Hall, our music building.

01:49:22:04 - 01:49:56:23

Unknown

And in addition, let me mention that we have ongoing Saturday graduate student Armenian graduate student colloquia taking place, including this coming Saturday, March 14th. This is hosted by Professor Peter Cowie. There will also be zoom based lectures in a film sponsored by the Richard Hovannisian Chair and coordinated by Professor Lanyon. So for information on many of these events, please consult our Promise Armenian Institute website and social media.

01:49:57:04 - 01:50:25:18

Unknown

Finally, before we conclude the evening, let me offer my grateful thanks to Bagdasarian for coordinating all aspects of this event. Behind the scenes, in front of the scenes, as well as Nonaka and Emily Pelosi. And thank you so much for your efforts for our Institute. And thanks to all of you for your attendance. We look forward to seeing you at future events of the Promise Armenian Institute at UCLA.

01:50:25:19 - 01:50:30:05

Unknown

Now, please. I'm at enjoy the refreshments we have for you.